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Boolean Algebra

1854 CE19th-century Britain (George Boole)

Through Boolean Algebra: How can we recognize the same structure inside different problems?

Use rotations, permutations, matrices, and categories to read transformation rules and relationships rather than appearances.

This voyage is an editorial path for understanding, not a claim of direct historical influence or sole invention.

Understand it in one breath

An algebra of relations between two logical values, true (1) and false (0). Boole's nineteenth-century system was extended by later logicians, and in 1937 Shannon showed how Boolean algebra could analyze and design relay switching circuits. A functionally complete gate such as NAND can express any finite Boolean function, although a physical computer also depends on timing, storage, devices, and architecture.

At a glance

A

B

A AND B

A OR B

A XOR B

NOT A

000001
010111
100110
111100

A truth table — just four input cases define every one of these logic gates.

Concept

An algebra of true/false relations, later connected by Shannon to switching-circuit design and now central to digital logic.

Key formula

ab=aˉbˉ(De Morgan)\overline{a \land b} = \bar{a} \lor \bar{b} \quad (\text{De Morgan})

Ports in time

This concept was not invented in one instant

Follow the scenes to see problems, notation, standards of proof, and applications changing across different times and places.

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AD 1854Scene 1 / 4Continue through the world of this year

Boole — The Laws of Thought

Self-taught Irish mathematician George Boole published a system for calculating with logic as though it were algebra. It attracted little attention at the time.

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2
AD 1937Scene 2 / 4Cambridge, MA

Shannon — Boolean algebra becomes circuitry

In his MIT master’s thesis at age 21, Claude Shannon showed that Boolean algebra could describe electrical switching circuits — one of the most influential master’s theses ever written.

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3
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ENIAC — a computer built from Boolean circuits

The pioneering general-purpose digital computer used 17,468 vacuum tubes as switching elements for logical operations.

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4
AD 1971Scene 4 / 4Continue through the world of this year

Intel 4004 — Boolean logic on a chip

The Intel 4004 compressed a complete processing unit of roughly 2,300 transistors onto one chip, opening the microprocessor era.

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Modern applications

Every digital circuit (AND/OR/NOT gates), database WHERE clauses, search queries, and if statements in programs.

Beyond MathVoyage

Curated sources and problems. Bring one discovery back from OEIS, Project Euler, MathOverflow, or arXiv.

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Follow people who played different roles

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Number lenses

A concept looks different when its world of numbers changes

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Concept genealogy

What supports it, and what does it open?

Concepts arriving from before

Current port

Boolean Algebra

Concepts opened from here

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