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Perspective voyage · First to second century CE

Epictetus — What is up to us is judgment and volition

Can we be free by governing assent to impressions even when external events are not ours to choose?

The question that moves this idea

Can we be responsible if we could not have done otherwise?

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Scene 1 / 2Evidence-linked account

Epictetus centers personal freedom on prohairesis, the capacity for volition, and the correct use of impressions.

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This sentence is an editorial paraphrase linked to the listed sources, not a direct quotation.

  • Epictetus

    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

    Locator: Introduction; §4.2 Prohairesis

    Open source

Time × place

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110 CE · Early second century

Arrian's records of Epictetus' teaching preserve a discipline of volition and freedom.

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