WORKS
Texts that anchor the conversation
A work is more than a modern title: its language, publication, translation, and reception shape how an idea moves.
57 works
- ArticleEnglish
A Query on Confirmation
A Query on Confirmation
With the same observations, why treat some classifications as guides to the future but not others?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- Essay CollectionEnglish
A Sand County Almanac: The Land Ethic
A Sand County Almanac
How does development change if soils, waters, plants, and animals are fellow members of a community rather than mere property?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- TreatiseEnglish
A System of Logic
A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
Can one well-designed contrast provide stronger grounds than a thousand identical records?
7 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- MonographEnglish
A Theory of Justice
A Theory of Justice
If I did not know my social position, which rules for liberty, opportunity, and inequality could I accept?
6 evidence-backed moments · 3 timeline events · 1 places
- Journal articleEnglish
Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
If an intervener could block every alternative but never touches the actual decision, does the absence of alternatives remove responsibility?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
Can we speak of knowledge in ordinary life when our grounds fall short of complete proof?
13 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 2 places
- Dialogue collectionClassical Chinese
Analects
論語 / Lunyu / Analects
Is a good life a property one possesses alone, or something cultivated through relationships and repeated practice?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
Art as Experience
Art as Experience
Can cooking, making, or moving become art when an ordinary activity gains tension and consummation?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Bookfr
Black Skin, White Masks
Peau noire, masques blancs
When a dominant language and others’ gaze alter the meaning of one’s body, can a neutral observer explain the experience fully?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Critical TreatiseGerman
Critique of Pure Reason
Kritik der reinen Vernunft
If space and time are forms of our experience, are they a veil over reality or the conditions that make knowledge possible?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Critical TreatiseGerman
Critique of the Power of Judgment
Kritik der Urteilskraft
Why can “I like it” carry the expectation that you too ought to find it beautiful?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Book sectionArabic
Demonstration from The Cure
al-Burhān min al-Shifāʾ
Does extensive repetition yield absolute universality, or only a strong judgment within specified conditions?
6 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Lectures And HandbookAncient Greek
Discourses and Encheiridion
Διατριβαί / Ἐγχειρίδιον
Can we be free by governing assent to impressions even when external events are not ours to choose?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Discoursespi
Early discourses on the Four Noble Truths
Cattāri ariyasaccāni
What changes if suffering is read not as a pessimistic verdict on all life but as a diagnosis with causes and a possible cessation?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Book sectionEnglish
Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, Section VIII
Of Liberty and Necessity
Does the regular dependence of action on character and desire erase responsibility, or make it possible?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Essay And DialogueEnglish
Enquiry X and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Of Miracles / Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
How strong must testimony be when weighed against the chance that the report is mistaken and the chance that a regularity of nature has failed?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
Epistemic Injustice
Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Beyond one false belief, what capacities and participation are taken away when someone is not recognized as a knower?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- ChapterEnglish
Essay Concerning Human Understanding II.xxvii
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, II.xxvii
If consciousness cannot reach a past action, is the present person the one who performed it?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Geometrical TreatiseLatin
Ethics
Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata
If every action has causes, can understanding those causes make us freer?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- BookEnglish
Fact, Fiction, and Forecast
Fact, Fiction, and Forecast
With the same observations, why treat some classifications as guides to the future but not others?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- Pseudonymous Bookda
Fear and Trembling
Frygt og Bæven
If Abraham's action cannot be explained by universal ethics, is faith a higher justification or a publicly unverifiable danger?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- BookEnglish
Feminism and the Mastery of Nature
Feminism and the Mastery of Nature
If human/nature, reason/body, and male/female hierarchies reinforce one logic of domination, can environmental problems be solved by resource management alone?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Versessa
Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
If nothing has an independent essence, are things unreal or real only through relations?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- ArticleEnglish
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
If truth, belief, and reasonable justification are all present but their connection is accidental, is it knowledge?
4 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Journal articleEnglish
Justice as Fairness
Justice as Fairness
If I did not know my social position, which rules for liberty, opportunity, and inequality could I accept?
6 evidence-backed moments · 3 timeline events · 1 places
- LetterAncient Greek
Letter to Menoeceus
Epistle to Menoeceus
Does treating pleasure as good mean pursuing more of every pleasure?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- LetterAncient Greek
Letter to Menoeceus
Πρὸς Μενοικέα
If death is absent while we exist and we are absent when death arrives, what reason remains to fear it in advance?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- TreatiseLatin
Meditations on First Philosophy
Meditationes de prima philosophia
Should every belief be withheld whenever error is possible, or is doubt a test used for a particular purpose?
4 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- MeditationsLatin
Meditations on First Philosophy
Meditationes de prima philosophia
If every bodily fact is doubted, does the thinking self remain, and could it exist without the body?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Dialogue and treatiseClassical Chinese
Mengzi
孟子 / Mengzi
Does having a capacity for goodness mean one is already good, or that small and incomplete responses still need cultivation?
12 evidence-backed moments · 4 timeline events · 0 places
- Treatise CompilationAncient Greek
Metaphysics
Τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά
Can the move from potentiality to actuality explain how something changes while remaining itself?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Multi-layer compilationClassical Chinese
Mozi
墨子 / Mozi
Can a standard checkable by all restrain a ruler's arbitrariness, or can it also suppress disagreement?
6 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Lecture series and bookEnglish
Naming and Necessity
Naming and Necessity
Could the same name still refer to the object if that object did not satisfy the description?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 2 places
- TreatiseAncient Greek
Nicomachean Ethics
Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια / Nicomachean Ethics
Is a good life a happy feeling, or a life of acting well in accordance with excellence?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- Discourse And Scholastic Traditionpi-sa
Not-self discourses and Abhidharma analysis
Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta / Abhidharma
If experiences form a causal stream, must we posit an unchanging owner behind it?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Aphoristic TreatiseLatin
Novum Organum
Novum Organum
What changes when observations are designed to eliminate possible explanations rather than collect favorite examples?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- ArticleEnglish
On Denoting
On Denoting
If there is no person to refer to, is the sentence meaningless, or can we analyze a structure under which it is false?
7 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Philosophical PoemAncient Greek
On Nature
Περὶ φύσεως
When we speak of coming-to-be and passing-away, are we really thinking what is not?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- ArticleGerman
On Sense and Reference
Über Sinn und Bedeutung
Does pointing to the same Venus make the meaning and information of the two expressions the same?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- BookGerman and English
Philosophical Investigations
Philosophische Untersuchungen / Philosophical Investigations
Can the meaning of the same word be explained only by pairing it with one object?
7 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 2 places
- TreatiseAncient Greek
Poetics
Περὶ ποιητικῆς
Why seek fear and grief in tragedy when we avoid them in life, and what do we learn there?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Doctrinal collectionAncient Greek
Principal Doctrines
Κύριαι Δόξαι / Principal Doctrines
Does treating pleasure as good mean pursuing more of every pleasure?
6 evidence-backed moments · 2 timeline events · 1 places
- Meditative TreatiseLatin
Proslogion
Proslogion
Does the concept of the greatest conceivable being entail that it exists in reality as well as thought?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
Reasons and Persons
Reasons and Persons
If a better policy would have meant that this person never existed, can the present policy be said to make that person worse off?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Dialogue BookAncient Greek
Republic, Book X
Πολιτεία Ιʹ
Does an accurate likeness give knowledge, or merely look knowledgeable without teaching what is good?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
Science as Social Knowledge
Science as Social Knowledge
Does objectivity depend less on a neutral individual than on structures that expose assumptions to criticism and revision?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookGerman
The Imperative of Responsibility
Das Prinzip Verantwortung
When effects are global, long-term, and irreversible, is an ethics designed for nearby contemporaries sufficient?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Dialectical TreatiseArabic
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Tahāfut al-falāsifa
Does observed regularity prove necessary causation, or does that add a stronger metaphysical assumption?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookGerman
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Logik der Forschung
Does what a theory forbids matter more than the number of observations that seem to support it?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Philosophical Essayfr
The Myth of Sisyphus
Le Mythe de Sisyphe
If the clash between our demand for meaning and a silent world persists, can one live on without suicide or false hope?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Two Volume Bookfr
The Second Sex
Le Deuxième Sexe
If “woman” is shaped by social norms rather than natural fact alone, what does the lived standpoint add to knowledge?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- Pseudonymous Bookda
The Sickness Unto Death
Sygdommen til Døden
If despair is not merely sadness but a failed relation of not willing—or willing by oneself alone—to be oneself, what requires care?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Essay CollectionEnglish
The Souls of Black Folk
The Souls of Black Folk
Is seeing oneself through both one’s own and a dominant society’s eyes only a wound of division, or also an epistemic resource?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- BookEnglish
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Should a successful research tradition keep solving puzzles despite an anomaly, and when should it change frameworks?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 1 places
- DialogueAncient Greek
Theaetetus
Θεαίτητος
If knowledge is perception, true judgment, or true judgment with an account, why does the dialogue stop without settling on one?
3 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Journal articleEnglish
What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
After every observable fact is collected, does the fact of what it is like for that creature remain?
2 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places
- Essay collectionClassical Chinese
Xunzi
荀子 / Xunzi
Do clear standards create a fair order by themselves, or does who applies them and how also matter?
6 evidence-backed moments · 1 timeline events · 0 places