1962

Kuhn — Normal-science puzzles and paradigm change

Should a successful research tradition keep solving puzzles despite an anomaly, and when should it change frameworks?

Thomas Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Evidence-backed account

Kuhn's normal science solves puzzles under shared exemplars and standards; anomalies become conditions for crisis and revolution when they accumulate or become especially consequential.

Open evidence

This is an evidence-linked editorial paraphrase, not a direct quotation.

Thomas Kuhn
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §2.2 Paradigms and Normal Science; §2.3 Crisis and Revolutions
Open source

Incommensurability is not the simple claim that choice ignores evidence or reasons; Kuhn describes values such as accuracy, scope, simplicity, and fruitfulness as relevant to judgment.

Open evidence

This is an evidence-linked editorial paraphrase, not a direct quotation.

Thomas Kuhn
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §3.1 Methodological Incommensurability; §4.1 Objectivity and Value Judgment
Open source

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