How should we face suffering and death?
Follow fear before death, enduring suffering, and absurd repetition to compare accounts in terms of sensation, craving, selfhood, despair, and revolt.
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Around the fifth century BCE
Early discourses frame suffering not as an inescapable fate but as a problem with causes and practices.
Early Buddhism — Suffering, its cause, cessation, and a path
Around 300 BCE
The Letter to Menoeceus dismantles fear of death through an argument about sensation and time.
Epicurus — Death is nothing to us
1849
The Sickness Unto Death develops despair as a problem in self-relation rather than a passing mood.
Kierkegaard — Despair as a sickness in the self-relation
1942
Published in Paris, The Myth of Sisyphus proposes lucid persistence and revolt rather than suicide before the absurd.
Camus — Lucid revolt without dissolving the absurd
Paris · 출판