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Open inquiry12 min4 historical perspectives

How far can reason speak about faith?

Use a concept-only proof, miracle testimony, and a command that conflicts with ethics to compare proof, testimony, revelation, and practice.

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  1. Around 1077–1078

    The Proslogion turns conceptual reflection within faith into a public argument.

    Anselm — Faith seeking understanding and an argument for existence

  2. Around 1095

    The Incoherence reframes a conflict between revelation and reason as a question about what has actually been demonstrated.

    Al-Ghazālī — Critiquing unproved necessity, not philosophy wholesale

  3. 1779

    The posthumous Dialogues tests design arguments through several competing voices.

    Hume — Weighing miracle testimony and arguments from design

  4. 1843

    Published pseudonymously in Copenhagen, Fear and Trembling presents faith as an unresolved ethical paradox.

    Kierkegaard — Faith as a paradox not reducible to ethics

    Copenhagen · 출판