How far can reason speak about faith?
Use a concept-only proof, miracle testimony, and a command that conflicts with ethics to compare proof, testimony, revelation, and practice.
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Around 1077–1078
The Proslogion turns conceptual reflection within faith into a public argument.
Anselm — Faith seeking understanding and an argument for existence
Around 1095
The Incoherence reframes a conflict between revelation and reason as a question about what has actually been demonstrated.
Al-Ghazālī — Critiquing unproved necessity, not philosophy wholesale
1779
The posthumous Dialogues tests design arguments through several competing voices.
Hume — Weighing miracle testimony and arguments from design
1843
Published pseudonymously in Copenhagen, Fear and Trembling presents faith as an unresolved ethical paradox.
Kierkegaard — Faith as a paradox not reducible to ethics
Copenhagen · 출판