Use delayed ecological damage, choices that change who will exist, and low-probability technological catastrophe to compare moral community, time, identity, and responsibility.
Your selections stay on this device and are not sent to the server or analytics.
There is no score or philosophy profile. Compare reasons rather than labels.
Different views show the same evidence-backed material. The map does not replace events whose location is unknown.
Aldo Leopold · A Sand County Almanac: The Land Ethic
How does development change if soils, waters, plants, and animals are fellow members of a community rather than mere property?
Leopold's land ethic extends the boundary of the ethical community to soils, waters, plants, and animals—collectively, the land.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Environmental Ethics
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §2.1 Deep Ecology and early environmental ethics; Leopold’s land ethic
Open sourceHis holistic language emphasizes the integrity, stability, and beauty of biotic communities but does not supply a complete procedure for conflicts with individual animal welfare.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Environmental Ethics
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §2.1–§2.3, land ethic, holism, and objections
Open sourceThe posthumous A Sand County Almanac recasts humans as members, not conquerors, of the land community.
1949
Hans Jonas · The Imperative of Responsibility
When effects are global, long-term, and irreversible, is an ethics designed for nearby contemporaries sufficient?
Jonas argues that modern technology changes the scale and temporal reach of action, making nature and the continued existence of humanity objects of ethical responsibility.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Philosophy of Technology
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §3.3 Ethical and Political Critiques of Technology; Jonas and responsibility
Open sourceHis imperative requires present technological action to remain compatible with continued genuine human life and gives prevention special weight under catastrophic uncertainty.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Philosophy of Technology
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §3.3, The Imperative of Responsibility and future-oriented ethics
Open sourceThe Imperative of Responsibility extends technological ethics to future people and planetary conditions.
1979
Val Plumwood · Feminism and the Mastery of Nature
If human/nature, reason/body, and male/female hierarchies reinforce one logic of domination, can environmental problems be solved by resource management alone?
Plumwood analyzes the human/nature dualism as linked to other hierarchies through backgrounding, radical exclusion, instrumentalism, and related structures.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Feminist Environmental Philosophy
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §2.2 Feminist environmental philosophy and conceptual frameworks; Plumwood on dualism
Open sourceHer alternative does not erase difference into identity; it calls for non-dominating relations that acknowledge dependency and the other's agency.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
Feminist Environmental Philosophy
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §3.2 Ecofeminist philosophical perspectives; relationality and anti-domination
Open sourceFeminism and the Mastery of Nature analyzes ecological destruction through conceptual structures linked to gendered, embodied, and colonial domination.
1993
Derek Parfit · Reasons and Persons
If a better policy would have meant that this person never existed, can the present policy be said to make that person worse off?
The nonidentity problem arises when different long-term policies cause different people to exist, frustrating a purely person-affecting account of harm as making someone worse off than otherwise.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
The Nonidentity Problem
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §1 The Problem; policy and future-person cases
Open sourceThere is no consensus on criticizing choices that create people with worthwhile but worse lives; proposals appeal to rights, thresholds, non-comparative harm, or impersonal principles.
The text is a Korean-English summary of the source, not a direct quotation.
The Nonidentity Problem
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Locator: §2–§4, proposed solutions and remaining problems
Open sourcePublished in Oxford, Reasons and Persons makes future identity and population ethics central philosophical problems.
1984 · Oxford · 출판