Whose knowledge is allowed to count?
Use identity-discounted testimony, an experience without shared concepts, and an exclusionary expert community to examine credibility, language, standpoint, and power.
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1903
The Souls of Black Folk records the inner division of racialized life as a social and epistemic problem.
Du Bois — Double consciousness and seeing oneself through others’ eyes
1949
Published in Paris, The Second Sex relocates the knowing subject in embodiment and situation.
Beauvoir — Embodied freedom made into “the Other”
Paris · 출판
1952
Black Skin, White Masks analyzes colonialism not only as an institution but as an epistemic structure inscribed in body and language.
Fanon — Racialized experience through language and the gaze
2007
Epistemic Injustice formulates inequalities of credibility and interpretation as distinct wrongs in the ethics of knowing.
Fricker — Injustice through credibility deficits and missing interpretive resources