Auxiliary lineDifficulty · Medium

Three Medians, Six Equal Areas

A triangle’s three medians split it into six small triangles. Different shapes — yet all six have equal area. Why?

Problem

Compare the areas of the six small triangles formed by a triangle’s three medians.

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G

A triangle. Draw the three medians (vertex to opposite-side midpoint).

Why this approach works

A median joins a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side; the three meet at the centroid G. Key fact: a median splits a triangle into two equal areas (same height, half the base). Each median halves, and the next halves again, so the six small triangles all have equal area (⅙ of the whole). That balance is why G is the center of gravity.

Proof

Area = six triangles, each ⅙ (all equal)

A median halves the area (half the base, shared height). Three medians halving in turn make six triangles each ⅙ of the whole — which is why the centroid is the balance point.

Try it yourself

Draw just one median: it halves the triangle (half the base, shared height). Three such halvings overlap into six equal parts.

Related mathematics

Beyond MathVoyage

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