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1949

Leopold — From conqueror to member of the land community

How does development change if soils, waters, plants, and animals are fellow members of a community rather than mere property?

Aldo LeopoldA Sand County Almanac: The Land Ethic

Evidence-backed account

Leopold's land ethic extends the boundary of the ethical community to soils, waters, plants, and animals—collectively, the land.

Open evidence

This is an evidence-linked editorial paraphrase, not a direct quotation.

  • Environmental Ethics

    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

    Locator: §2.1 Deep Ecology and early environmental ethics; Leopold’s land ethic

    Open source

His holistic language emphasizes the integrity, stability, and beauty of biotic communities but does not supply a complete procedure for conflicts with individual animal welfare.

Open evidence

This is an evidence-linked editorial paraphrase, not a direct quotation.

  • Environmental Ethics

    Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

    Locator: §2.1–§2.3, land ethic, holism, and objections

    Open source
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